feat(ods): реализован ODS слой и DAG загрузки из STG

- Зачем:
  - подготовлена учебная реализация ODS слоя с типизацией, UPSERT и DQ, чтобы продолжить работу от STG к DDS/DM.
- Что:
  - добавлены SQL-скрипты `sql/ods/*_ddl.sql`, `sql/ods/*_load.sql`, `sql/ods/*_dq.sql` для 9 сущностей bookings.
  - добавлены DAG `bookings_ods_ddl` и `bookings_to_gp_ods`, а также smoke-тесты для новых графов.
  - ODS DDL интегрирован в `sql/ddl_gp.sql`; документация и план обновлены под единый запуск через `make ddl-gp`.
- Проверка:
  - `make test`.
  - `make ddl-gp`.

sql/ods/airplanes_load.sql

@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+-- Загрузка ODS по airplanes: SCD1 (UPDATE изменившихся + INSERT новых).
+
+-- Statement 1: UPDATE существующих строк.
+WITH src AS (
+    SELECT
+        s.airplane_code,
+        s.model,
+        NULLIF(s.range, '')::INTEGER AS range_km,
+        NULLIF(s.speed, '')::INTEGER AS speed_kmh,
+        ROW_NUMBER() OVER (
+            PARTITION BY s.airplane_code
+            ORDER BY s.load_dttm DESC, s.src_created_at_ts DESC NULLS LAST
+        ) AS rn
+    FROM stg.airplanes AS s
+    WHERE s.batch_id = '{{ ti.xcom_pull(task_ids="resolve_stg_batch_id") }}'::text
+)
+UPDATE ods.airplanes AS o
+SET model        = s.model,
+    range_km     = s.range_km,
+    speed_kmh    = s.speed_kmh,
+    _load_id     = '{{ ti.xcom_pull(task_ids="resolve_stg_batch_id") }}'::text,
+    _load_ts     = now()
+FROM src AS s
+WHERE s.rn = 1
+    AND o.airplane_code = s.airplane_code
+    AND (
+        o.model IS DISTINCT FROM s.model
+        OR o.range_km IS DISTINCT FROM s.range_km
+        OR o.speed_kmh IS DISTINCT FROM s.speed_kmh
+    );
+
+-- Statement 2: INSERT новых строк.
+WITH src AS (
+    SELECT
+        s.airplane_code,
+        s.model,
+        NULLIF(s.range, '')::INTEGER AS range_km,
+        NULLIF(s.speed, '')::INTEGER AS speed_kmh,
+        ROW_NUMBER() OVER (
+            PARTITION BY s.airplane_code
+            ORDER BY s.load_dttm DESC, s.src_created_at_ts DESC NULLS LAST
+        ) AS rn
+    FROM stg.airplanes AS s
+    WHERE s.batch_id = '{{ ti.xcom_pull(task_ids="resolve_stg_batch_id") }}'::text
+)
+INSERT INTO ods.airplanes (
+    airplane_code,
+    model,
+    range_km,
+    speed_kmh,
+    _load_id,
+    _load_ts
+)
+SELECT
+    s.airplane_code,
+    s.model,
+    s.range_km,
+    s.speed_kmh,
+    '{{ ti.xcom_pull(task_ids="resolve_stg_batch_id") }}'::text,
+    now()
+FROM src AS s
+WHERE s.rn = 1
+    AND NOT EXISTS (
+        SELECT 1
+        FROM ods.airplanes AS o
+        WHERE o.airplane_code = s.airplane_code
+    );
+
+-- Statement 3: DELETE ключей, которых нет в snapshot текущего батча.
+-- Это делает ODS для справочника действительно "current state".
+WITH src_keys AS (
+    SELECT d.airplane_code
+    FROM (
+        SELECT
+            s.airplane_code,
+            ROW_NUMBER() OVER (
+                PARTITION BY s.airplane_code
+                ORDER BY s.load_dttm DESC, s.src_created_at_ts DESC NULLS LAST
+            ) AS rn
+        FROM stg.airplanes AS s
+        WHERE s.batch_id = '{{ ti.xcom_pull(task_ids="resolve_stg_batch_id") }}'::text
+    ) AS d
+    WHERE d.rn = 1
+)
+DELETE FROM ods.airplanes AS o
+WHERE NOT EXISTS (
+    SELECT 1
+    FROM src_keys AS s
+    WHERE s.airplane_code = o.airplane_code
+);
+
+ANALYZE ods.airplanes;