feat(ods): реализован ODS слой и DAG загрузки из STG

- Зачем:
  - подготовлена учебная реализация ODS слоя с типизацией, UPSERT и DQ, чтобы продолжить работу от STG к DDS/DM.
- Что:
  - добавлены SQL-скрипты `sql/ods/*_ddl.sql`, `sql/ods/*_load.sql`, `sql/ods/*_dq.sql` для 9 сущностей bookings.
  - добавлены DAG `bookings_ods_ddl` и `bookings_to_gp_ods`, а также smoke-тесты для новых графов.
  - ODS DDL интегрирован в `sql/ddl_gp.sql`; документация и план обновлены под единый запуск через `make ddl-gp`.
- Проверка:
  - `make test`.
  - `make ddl-gp`.

sql/ods/flights_load.sql

@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+-- Загрузка ODS по flights: SCD1 (UPDATE изменившихся + INSERT новых).
+
+-- Statement 1: UPDATE существующих строк.
+WITH src AS (
+    SELECT
+        NULLIF(s.flight_id, '')::INTEGER                       AS flight_id,
+        s.route_no,
+        s.status,
+        NULLIF(s.scheduled_departure, '')::TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE AS scheduled_departure,
+        NULLIF(s.scheduled_arrival, '')::TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE   AS scheduled_arrival,
+        NULLIF(s.actual_departure, '')::TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE    AS actual_departure,
+        NULLIF(s.actual_arrival, '')::TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE      AS actual_arrival,
+        s.src_created_at_ts                                           AS event_ts,
+        ROW_NUMBER() OVER (
+            PARTITION BY s.flight_id
+            ORDER BY s.src_created_at_ts DESC NULLS LAST, s.load_dttm DESC
+        ) AS rn
+    FROM stg.flights AS s
+    WHERE s.batch_id = '{{ ti.xcom_pull(task_ids="resolve_stg_batch_id") }}'::text
+)
+UPDATE ods.flights AS o
+SET route_no            = s.route_no,
+    status              = s.status,
+    scheduled_departure = s.scheduled_departure,
+    scheduled_arrival   = s.scheduled_arrival,
+    actual_departure    = s.actual_departure,
+    actual_arrival      = s.actual_arrival,
+    event_ts            = s.event_ts,
+    _load_id            = '{{ ti.xcom_pull(task_ids="resolve_stg_batch_id") }}'::text,
+    _load_ts            = now()
+FROM src AS s
+WHERE s.rn = 1
+    AND o.flight_id = s.flight_id
+    AND (
+        o.route_no IS DISTINCT FROM s.route_no
+        OR o.status IS DISTINCT FROM s.status
+        OR o.scheduled_departure IS DISTINCT FROM s.scheduled_departure
+        OR o.scheduled_arrival IS DISTINCT FROM s.scheduled_arrival
+        OR o.actual_departure IS DISTINCT FROM s.actual_departure
+        OR o.actual_arrival IS DISTINCT FROM s.actual_arrival
+        OR o.event_ts IS DISTINCT FROM s.event_ts
+    );
+
+-- Statement 2: INSERT новых строк.
+WITH src AS (
+    SELECT
+        NULLIF(s.flight_id, '')::INTEGER                       AS flight_id,
+        s.route_no,
+        s.status,
+        NULLIF(s.scheduled_departure, '')::TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE AS scheduled_departure,
+        NULLIF(s.scheduled_arrival, '')::TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE   AS scheduled_arrival,
+        NULLIF(s.actual_departure, '')::TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE    AS actual_departure,
+        NULLIF(s.actual_arrival, '')::TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE      AS actual_arrival,
+        s.src_created_at_ts                                           AS event_ts,
+        ROW_NUMBER() OVER (
+            PARTITION BY s.flight_id
+            ORDER BY s.src_created_at_ts DESC NULLS LAST, s.load_dttm DESC
+        ) AS rn
+    FROM stg.flights AS s
+    WHERE s.batch_id = '{{ ti.xcom_pull(task_ids="resolve_stg_batch_id") }}'::text
+)
+INSERT INTO ods.flights (
+    flight_id,
+    route_no,
+    status,
+    scheduled_departure,
+    scheduled_arrival,
+    actual_departure,
+    actual_arrival,
+    event_ts,
+    _load_id,
+    _load_ts
+)
+SELECT
+    s.flight_id,
+    s.route_no,
+    s.status,
+    s.scheduled_departure,
+    s.scheduled_arrival,
+    s.actual_departure,
+    s.actual_arrival,
+    s.event_ts,
+    '{{ ti.xcom_pull(task_ids="resolve_stg_batch_id") }}'::text,
+    now()
+FROM src AS s
+WHERE s.rn = 1
+    AND NOT EXISTS (
+        SELECT 1
+        FROM ods.flights AS o
+        WHERE o.flight_id = s.flight_id
+    );
+
+ANALYZE ods.flights;