Чистовик статьи + материалы

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2025-11-07 11:05:44 +03:00
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-- ===============================================
-- 1. Создание схем
-- ===============================================
DROP SCHEMA IF EXISTS stg CASCADE;
DROP SCHEMA IF EXISTS ods CASCADE;
DROP SCHEMA IF EXISTS dds CASCADE;
CREATE SCHEMA stg;
CREATE SCHEMA ods;
CREATE SCHEMA dds;
-- ===============================================
-- 2. STG: таблицы «как пришло»
-- ===============================================
-- Сырые данные: строки, как из CSV/API
CREATE TABLE stg.customers_raw (
customer_id TEXT, -- может быть '101' или 'CUST-101'
email TEXT,
phone TEXT,
city TEXT,
_load_ts TIMESTAMP DEFAULT NOW()
);
CREATE TABLE stg.orders_raw (
order_id TEXT,
order_date TEXT, -- формат: '2024-01-10'
customer_id TEXT
);
CREATE TABLE stg.order_items_raw (
order_item_id TEXT,
order_id TEXT,
product_id TEXT,
qty TEXT, -- может быть '2', 'NULL'
price_at_sale TEXT -- может быть '100.00'
);
CREATE TABLE stg.products_raw (
product_id TEXT,
name TEXT
);
-- Загрузка тестовых данных (вместо COPY FROM CSV)
INSERT INTO stg.customers_raw (customer_id, email, phone, city) VALUES
('101', 'a@ex.com', '700', 'Москва'),
('101', 'b@ex.com', '700', 'Москва'), -- изменение email
('102', 'c@ex.com', '701', 'СПб');
INSERT INTO stg.orders_raw (order_id, order_date, customer_id) VALUES
('5001', '2024-01-10', '101'),
('5002', '2024-02-05', '102');
INSERT INTO stg.order_items_raw (order_item_id, order_id, product_id, qty, price_at_sale) VALUES
('1', '5001', '9001', '2', '100.00'),
('2', '5001', '9002', '1', '50.00'),
('3', '5002', '9001', '1', '100.00');
INSERT INTO stg.products_raw (product_id, name) VALUES
('9001', 'Phone'),
('9002', 'Case');
-- ===============================================
-- 3. ODS: очистка и типизация
-- ===============================================
-- Очищенные клиенты
CREATE TABLE ods.customers AS
SELECT
customer_id::INT AS customer_id, -- приведение к INT
NULLIF(TRIM(email), '') AS email, -- пустые → NULL
NULLIF(TRIM(phone), '') AS phone,
NULLIF(TRIM(city), '') AS city
FROM stg.customers_raw
WHERE customer_id ~ '^\d+$'; -- валидация: только цифры
-- Очищенные заказы
CREATE TABLE ods.orders AS
SELECT
order_id::INT,
TO_DATE(order_date, 'YYYY-MM-DD') AS order_date,
customer_id::INT
FROM stg.orders_raw
WHERE order_date IS NOT NULL AND customer_id ~ '^\d+$';
-- Очищенные позиции заказа
CREATE TABLE ods.order_items AS
SELECT
order_item_id::INT,
order_id::INT,
product_id::INT,
NULLIF(qty, '')::INT AS qty,
NULLIF(price_at_sale, '')::NUMERIC(10,2) AS price_at_sale
FROM stg.order_items_raw
WHERE qty ~ '^\d+$' AND price_at_sale ~ '^\d+(\.\d+)?$';
-- Очищенные товары
CREATE TABLE ods.products AS
SELECT
product_id::INT,
TRIM(name) AS name
FROM stg.products_raw
WHERE product_id ~ '^\d+$';
-- Добавим первичные ключи (для ускорения JOIN и проверки)
ALTER TABLE ods.customers ADD PRIMARY KEY (customer_id);
ALTER TABLE ods.orders ADD PRIMARY KEY (order_id);
ALTER TABLE ods.order_items ADD PRIMARY KEY (order_item_id);
ALTER TABLE ods.products ADD PRIMARY KEY (product_id);
-- ===============================================
-- 4. DDS: интеграция + SCD Type 2
-- ===============================================
-- 4.1 dim_date — справочник дат (на 5 лет: 20232027)
CREATE TABLE dds.dim_date AS
WITH RECURSIVE dates AS (
SELECT DATE '2023-01-01' AS d
UNION ALL
SELECT d + INTERVAL '1 day'
FROM dates
WHERE d + INTERVAL '1 day' <= DATE '2027-12-31'
)
SELECT
CAST(TO_CHAR(d, 'YYYYMMDD') AS INT) AS date_key,
d AS date_actual,
EXTRACT(YEAR FROM d) AS year,
EXTRACT(QUARTER FROM d) AS quarter,
EXTRACT(MONTH FROM d) AS month,
EXTRACT(DAY FROM d) AS day,
TO_CHAR(d, 'Day') AS weekday_name,
EXTRACT(DOW FROM d) AS weekday_num, -- 0 = воскресенье
d BETWEEN
DATE_TRUNC('month', d)
AND DATE_TRUNC('month', d) + INTERVAL '1 month' - INTERVAL '1 day'
AND EXTRACT(DAY FROM d) <= 7
AS is_first_week
FROM dates;
ALTER TABLE dds.dim_date ADD PRIMARY KEY (date_key);
-- 4.2 dim_product — измерение «Товар» (без истории — атрибуты стабильны)
CREATE TABLE dds.dim_product (
product_sk BIGINT GENERATED ALWAYS AS IDENTITY PRIMARY KEY,
product_bk INT NOT NULL,
product_name VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL
);
INSERT INTO dds.dim_product (product_bk, product_name)
SELECT product_id, name
FROM ods.products;
-- 4.3 dim_customer — SCD Type 2 (с историей)
CREATE TABLE dds.dim_customer (
customer_sk BIGINT GENERATED ALWAYS AS IDENTITY PRIMARY KEY,
customer_bk INT NOT NULL,
email VARCHAR(100),
phone VARCHAR(20),
city VARCHAR(50),
valid_from DATE NOT NULL,
valid_to DATE NOT NULL DEFAULT '9999-12-31',
is_current BOOLEAN NOT NULL DEFAULT TRUE
);
-- Загрузка первой версии (SCD Type 2 — простой алгоритм)
-- Группируем по customer_bk и сортируем по времени (по _load_ts из STG)
-- Для учебного примера имитируем хронологию через порядок строк
WITH ranked AS (
SELECT
customer_id AS customer_bk,
email,
phone,
city,
ROW_NUMBER() OVER (
PARTITION BY customer_id
ORDER BY _load_ts, email -- хронология изменений
) AS rn
FROM stg.customers_raw
WHERE customer_id ~ '^\d+$'
),
changes AS (
SELECT
customer_bk,
email,
phone,
city,
-- начальная дата — день первого появления в источнике
'2023-01-01'::DATE + (rn - 1) * INTERVAL '1 day' AS eff_from
FROM ranked
),
final AS (
SELECT
customer_bk,
email,
phone,
city,
eff_from::DATE AS valid_from,
COALESCE(
LEAD(eff_from) OVER (PARTITION BY customer_bk ORDER BY eff_from) - INTERVAL '1 day',
'9999-12-31'::DATE
) AS valid_to,
CASE WHEN
LEAD(eff_from) OVER (PARTITION BY customer_bk ORDER BY eff_from) IS NULL
THEN TRUE ELSE FALSE END AS is_current
FROM changes
)
INSERT INTO dds.dim_customer (customer_bk, email, phone, city, valid_from, valid_to, is_current)
SELECT customer_bk, email, phone, city, valid_from, valid_to, is_current
FROM final;
-- 4.4 fact_sales — факт продаж
CREATE TABLE dds.fact_sales (
sale_id BIGINT GENERATED ALWAYS AS IDENTITY PRIMARY KEY,
customer_sk BIGINT NOT NULL, -- ссылка на DDS-измерение
product_sk BIGINT NOT NULL,
date_key INT NOT NULL, -- YYYYMMDD
quantity INT NOT NULL CHECK (quantity > 0),
amount NUMERIC(18,2) NOT NULL CHECK (amount >= 0)
);
-- Заполнение fact_sales с учётом истории клиента (SCD!)
INSERT INTO dds.fact_sales (customer_sk, product_sk, date_key, quantity, amount)
SELECT
dc.customer_sk,
dp.product_sk,
CAST(TO_CHAR(o.order_date, 'YYYYMMDD') AS INT) AS date_key,
oi.qty,
oi.price_at_sale * oi.qty AS amount
FROM ods.orders o
JOIN ods.order_items oi ON o.order_id = oi.order_id
JOIN ods.products p ON oi.product_id = p.product_id
JOIN dds.dim_product dp ON p.product_id = dp.product_bk
JOIN dds.dim_customer dc
ON o.customer_id = dc.customer_bk
AND o.order_date BETWEEN dc.valid_from AND dc.valid_to; -- ← ключевая строка SCD!
-- Добавим внешние ключи (опционально, для целостности)
ALTER TABLE dds.fact_sales
ADD FOREIGN KEY (customer_sk) REFERENCES dds.dim_customer(customer_sk),
ADD FOREIGN KEY (product_sk) REFERENCES dds.dim_product(product_sk),
ADD FOREIGN KEY (date_key) REFERENCES dds.dim_date(date_key);
-- ===============================================
-- 5. Проверка: посчитаем выручку по клиентам
-- ===============================================
SELECT
dc.customer_bk,
dc.email,
dc.city,
SUM(f.amount) AS total_revenue
FROM dds.fact_sales f
JOIN dds.dim_customer dc
ON f.customer_sk = dc.customer_sk
AND dc.is_current -- только актуальная версия
GROUP BY dc.customer_bk, dc.email, dc.city
ORDER BY total_revenue DESC;